A CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW OF CHRONICLE OF A DEATH Essays

A CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW OF CHRONICLE OF A DEATH Essays A CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW OF CHRONICLE OF A DEATH Essay A CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW OF CHRONICLE OF A DEATH Essay the novel is rather careful in set uping the complex web of relationships that tied the storyteller to all supporters of the tragic plot ( p.257 ) . Such an attack reveals that Marquez is more concerned with psychological facets instead than with factual inside informations of Santiago’s decease. Therefore, Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s novelHistory of a Death Foretoldreflects the universe, where natural and supernatural, world and unreality are so closely affiliated that, even despite the employed journalistic devices, the occurred event is invariably shaded. Using assorted elements of charming pragmatism in his narrative, the writer inquiries cultural and societal stereotypes formed in the privy environment of Latin America. As Pelayo ( 2001 ) provinces, In fact, most of his Hagiographas were both inspired by, and modelled after, his maternal grandparents, his parents, and the narratives they told him when he was turning up ( p.3 ) . Through anecdotal grounds Marquez reconstructs his ain yesteryear and the yesteryear of his people ; really, it is this peculiar grounds that enables him to show a more profound portraiture of the calamity and achieve necessary pragmatism in the history. Bibliography Alonso, C. J. ( 1999 ) Writing and ritual inHistory of a Death Foretold.In: H. Bloom ( ed. ) ,Gabriel Garcia Marquez. New York, Chelsea House Publishers. Berg, M. G. ( 1986 ) Repetitions and contemplations inHistory of a Death Foretold.In: B. Shaw and N. Vera-Godwin ( explosive detection systems. ) ,Critical Positions on Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Lincoln, Society of Spanish and Spanish-American Surveies. pp.139-156. Marquez, G. G. ( 1996 )History of a Death Foretold. London, Penguin. Pelayo, R. ( 2001 )Gabriel Garcia Marquez: A Critical Companion. Westport, Greenwood Press.

Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan

Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov rules the Central Asian Republic of Uzbekistan with an iron fist. He has ordered soldiers to fire into unarmed crowds of protestors, routinely uses torture on political prisoners, and fixes elections to remain in power. Who is the man behind the atrocities? Early Life Islam Abduganievich Karimov was born on January 30, 1938 in Samarkand. His mother may have been an ethnic Tajik, while his father was Uzbek. Its not known what happened to Karimovs parents, but the boy was raised in a Soviet orphanage. Almost no details of Karimovs childhood have been revealed to the public. Education Islam Karimov went to public schools, then attended the Central Asian Polytechnic College, where he received an engineering degree. He also graduated from the Tashkent Institute of National Economy with an economics degree. He may have met his wife, economist Tatyana Akbarova Karimova, at the Tashkent Institute. They now have two daughters and three grandchildren. Work Following his university graduation in 1960, Karimov went to work at Tashselmash, an agricultural machinery manufacturer. The following year, he moved to the Chkalov Tashkent aviation production complex, where he worked for five years as a lead engineer. Entry into National Politics In 1966, Karimov moved into the government, starting as a chief specialist at the Uzbek SSR State Planning Office. Soon he was promoted to First Deputy Chairman of the planning office. Karimov was appointed Minister of Finance for the Uzbek SSR in 1983Â  and added the titles of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Chairman of the State Planning Office three years later. From this position, he was able to move into the Uzbek Communist Partys upper echelon. Rise to Power Islam Karimov became the First Secretary of the Kashkadarya Province Communist Party Committee in 1986Â  and served for three years at that post. He was then promoted to First Secretary of the Central Committee for all of Uzbekistan. On March 24, 1990, Karimov became President of the Uzbek SSR. Fall of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union crumbled the following year, and Karimov reluctantly declared Uzbekistans independence on August 31, 1991. Four months later, on December 29, 1991, he was elected President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Karimov received 86% of the vote in what outside observers called an unfair election. This would be his only campaign against real opponents; those who ran against him soon fled into exile or disappeared without a trace. Karimovs Control of Independent Uzbekistan In 1995, Karimov held a referendum which approved extending his presidential term through the year 2000. Surprising nobody, he received 91.9% of the vote in the January 9, 2000 presidential race. His opponent, Abdulhasiz Jalalov, openly admitted that he was a sham candidate, only running to provide a facade of fairness. Jalalov also stated that he himself had voted for Karimov. Despite the two-term limit in Uzbekistans Constitution, Karimov won a third presidential term in 2007 with 88.1% of the vote. All three of his opponents began each campaign speech by heaping praise on Karimov. Human Rights Violations Despite huge deposits of natural gas, gold, and uranium, Uzbekistans economy is lagging. A quarter of the citizens live in poverty, and the per capita income is about $1950 per year. Even worse than the economic stress, though, is the governments repression of citizens. Free speech and religious practice are non-existent in Uzbekistan, and torture is systematic and rampant. Political prisoners bodies are returned to their families in sealed coffins; some are said to have been boiled to death in prison. The Andijan Massacre On May 12, 2005, thousands of people gathered for a peaceful and orderly protest in the city of Andijan. They were supporting 23 local businessmen, who were on trial for trumped-up charges of Islamic extremism. Many also had taken to the streets to express their frustration over social and economic conditions in the country. Dozens were rounded up, and taken to the same jail that housed the accused businessmen. Early the next morning, gunmen stormed the jail and released the 23 accused extremists and their supporters. Government troops and tanks secured the airport as the crowd swelled to some 10,000 people. At 6 pm on the 13th, troops in armored vehicles opened fire on the unarmed crowd, which included women and children. Late into the night, the soldiers moved through the city, shooting the injured who lay on the sidewalks. Karimovs government stated that 187 people were killed in the massacre. However, a doctor in the town said that she had seen at least 500 bodies in the morgue, and they were all adult men. The bodies of women and children simply disappeared, dumped into unmarked graves by the troops to cover up their crimes. Opposition members say that about 745 people were either confirmed killed or were missing after the massacre. Protest leaders also were arrested during the weeks following the incident, and many have not been seen again. In reaction to a 1999 bus hijacking, Islam Karimov had stated: Im prepared to rip off the heads of 200 people, to sacrifice their lives, in order to save peace and calm in the republic... If my child chose such a path, I myself would rip off his head. Six years later, in Andijan, Karimov made good his threat, and more.

The Internet Technology and Data Ownership Issue Assignment

The Internet Technology and Data Ownership Issue - Assignment Example The internet has become such a norm that the mere existence of man at a certain place without having been connected to the internet is though impossible. About (2011) defines the internet as: â€Å"The term  Internet  today refers to the global network of public computers running  Internet Protocol. The Internet supports the public  WWW  and many special-purpose client/server software systems. Internet technology also supports many private corporate  intranets  and private home  LANs.† (about, 2011) The human society has been transformed completely with the advent of the internet. Human life before it was devoid of the thought of staying virtually connected to innumerable individuals just by getting connected to a network w=of computers that was nothing more than an obscure network of corporate computers just about a quarter of a century back. Though it started off merely as a very small scale office network today the internet is the biggest network of connecte d computing devices from all over the world that has ever existed. This network is a massive den of information. This information may be related to just about anything and everything. It is an open network and the more users get connected to it via their connecting device the wider it becomes. The connecting devices may either be as small as a mobile phone and may even be as large as a super server computer. Any user can add just about any kind of information over the internet. Only information gathered from reliable resources is authentic and may be referred to others further on. Isao Hiroki mentions internet in his paper in the following words: â€Å"The virtual space of the internet permeates our daily lives and countless new services.† (Hiroki, 2003) For all students and inquisitive learners the internet is an ideal resource. This is because they can find out information regarding just about any of their topics from the internet. All they need to do id to search for the r equired topic by entering its’ prominent words in efficient search engines. These search engines dig throughout authentic (spyware free) web pages and bring out their links as a result. The user can then make use of the massive data retrieval that is at his disposal with the additive advantage of it being free of cost. Evan Charles Sveum (July 2010) mentions Computing and Internet Technology in the following words: â€Å"Computing and Internet technologies (U.S. Department of Labor, 2000) have changed the nature of work and occupations that would allow a person to earn a living.† (Sveum, 2010) The above statement narrates the fact that internet based jobs have been very popular among the public since internet technology has emerged. Besides that the availability of other jobs can also be checked via the internet as many vendors propagate the availability of jobs at their sites via it. Many people can now earn a living by earning over the internet in the form of e-busin ess, writing blogs etc. DQ2-Who owns the data? Privacy and/or security issues are inherent in large databases. Who owns the data about a particular person: medical, credit, personal, financial, consumer information, etc.? Support your position. The question referring to the ownership of data has been existent ever since the launch of databases. The dependence of man on computing machines for transactions related to monetary and personal details cannot be overlooked in this fast paced

Assignment 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Assignment 4 - Essay Example So pick a card, any card. Wouldnt you think that your odds of finding a number starting with 1 would be the same as finding a number starting with 9? Or 3? Or 7? (See Figure 1) After all, you gathered as many different numbers from as many different locations as possible, so they should all be evenly distributed, right? Wrong!!! Here comes Benfords Law, bitch! Benfords law says that the odds of obtaining 1 as the first digit of a number are much higher than obtaining any other digit. (See Figure 2) And nobody can really explain why! Creeeepy. But the coolest thing is that the broader the sampling of numbers, the more accurately they conform to Benfords law. For example, if you only examined the numbers in a New York City phone book, it wouldnt fit with Benfords law because your data would favor 2s and 7s (because of the popular area codes 212 and 718). But mix a phone books numbers with an almanacs numbers with an encyclopedias numbers and without a doubt youll start seeing a "Benfordian" distribution. Didnt I tell you this shitd freak you out? But the most important part of Benfords law (and partially why its so fascinating) is that it only works with numbers observed and gathered from the real world. So if you were to randomly generate a list of numbers with a computer, or by simply making them up, their first digits would most likely be evenly distributed from 1-9 and NOT in accordance with Benfords law. (See Figure 1 again). For this reason, Benfords law is used by the IRS to spot defrauders who make up phony numbers, because if the numbers dont follow Benfords law, they werent from real transactions. Fascinated by all this, I decided to test it for myself. Rather than spend years gathering numbers from all over the world, I decided to turn to Google - arguably the broadest source of data in existence. Seeing how many results Google finds for a number is a surefire way to judge how many times

Use and develop systems that promote communication Essay Example for Free

Use and develop systems that promote communication Essay Learning outcome 1: Be able to address the range of communication requirements in own role. 1.1 Review the range of groups and individuals whose communication needs must be addressed in own job role. Common groups and individuals that are present in the workplace that may have communication support needs could include: Resident’s with DEMENTIA Dementia is a progressive illness that over time will affect a persons ability to remember and understand basic everyday facts, such as names, dates and places. Dementia will gradually affect the way the person communicates. Their ability to present rational ideas and to reason clearly will change. Resident’s suffered from STROKE A stroke is an injury to the brain. The brain controls everything we do including everything we interpret and understand. A stroke can cause problems with communicating if there is damage to the parts of the brain responsible for language. These functions are controlled by the left side of the brain in most people. As the brain controls the opposite side of our body, many people who have communication problems after stroke also have weakness or paralysis on the right side of their body. Stroke can also cause communication problems if muscles of the face, tongue or throat are affected. It may result into communication problems like aphasia/dysphasia (difficulty in speaking), dysarthria (happens when a stroke causes weakness of the muscles you use to speak), and dyspraxia (condition that affects movement and co-ordination. Dyspraxia of speech happens when you cannot move muscles in the correct order and sequence to make the sounds needed for clear speech). Read more: Essay About Effectiveness of Different Communication Systems 1.2 Explain how to support effective communication within own job role. To the staff: Ask people how they prefer to be addressed and respect their wishes. Give people information about the service in advance and in a suitable format Dont assume you know what people want because of their culture, ability or any other factor – always ask. Ensure people are offered time to talk, and a chance to voice any concerns or simply have a chat. If a person using the service does not speak English, translation services should be provided in  the short term and culturally appropriate services provided in the long term. Staff should have acceptable levels of both spoken and written English. Overseas staff should understand the cultural needs and communication requirements of the people they are caring for. Staff should be properly trained to communicate with people who have cognitive or communication difficulties. Schedules should include enough time for staff to properly hand over information between shifts. Involve people in the production of information resources to ensure the information is clear and answers the right questions Provide information material in an accessible format (in large print or on DVD, for example) and wherever possible, provide it in advance. Find ways to get the views of people using the service (for example, through residentsÊ ¼ meetings) and respect individuals’ contributions by acting on their ideas and suggestions. 1.3 Analyse the barriers and challenges to communication within own job role. Barriers in effective communication can become the hurdle in progress of professional life as well as in the personal life. There are various points where the message is misinterpreted in which some are as follows: Material or Physical Barrier: This is the main hurdle or barrier in effective communication at workplace. This barrier in the company comprises large working area which is physically estranged from each other. Other things due to which physical barrier rises may be the organizational environment or noise coming from back. Various things can be included in physical barrier like large working place or working in one section which is physically separate from each other, closed office doors, separate place for people of different rank etc. These points can be concluded in physical barriers to effective communication: Environmental cause: Too much humidity in atmosphere, light in excess, lofty temperature or bad ventilation are some of the environmental barriers in effective communication. Challenging Stimulus: If there is loud music or noise in the background and there is distance between sender and receiver then it becomes very difficult to send the correct message by the sender to the receiver. Subjective strain: Due to bad health, too much mental stress, lack of proper sleep or consumption of medicines, the receiver can never understand the message appropriately. Linguistic Barrier: Different language and vocabulary is another barrier in communication. Language is vague in nature and its words are symbols which hardly represent only one meaning. The meanings of these symbols or words are understood by the sender and receiver in their own way which can result in misinterpretation. If communicator uses difficult or inappropriate words or if message is not explained in proper manner then it can result in misinterpretation. It is the language only that plays vital role in every field so it should be kept in mind that proper language and words are used. In today’s world if you send your message to another person in his language then it will be more effective and in this way the communication can be made effectively. Cultural Barrier: You will find diverse culture barrier to effective communication in this world. This communication barrier arise when two people of any organization belongs to different culture, place or religion. There are many other factors of cultural barrier like age, social position, mental difference or thinking behavior, economic status, political views, values and rules, ethics or standards, motives and priorities. The communication done without mixing any culture will not miss its meaning, but once a culture is mixed up with the communication then it may lose its exact meaning. Emotional barrier: Every person takes the situations and affair in his own way as everyone differs from each other. Many times thoughts of the person become strong base for communication. There are many emotions which can be the cause of effective communication barrier. Examples include anger, fear, or hostility. Apart from these some barriers to effective communication are mentioned below: Sudden reactions: Many times while communicating, a listener makes comment or criticizes the message sender without waiting for the sentence to be completed. So it’s very necessary to be keep patience and speak once the communicator completes his speech. Unfair assumptions: Never make wrong assumptions of the message as it creates great confusion. For example, you incorrectly assumed that your subordinate have understood the thing you have explained regarding any issue. Terror: This emotion makes the person to think slowly. He becomes narrow minded. This makes the negative impact on effective communication skill. Person becomes defensive: Man who cannot communicate effectively just  tries to justify himself every time because he thinks that accepting the mistake means degradation. This kind of attitude is a great obstacle in the effective communication. Being overconfident about self-knowledge: There are number of persons existing in this world that are overconfident about themselves that they have enough knowledge about any subject. But when you talk to such people, you will discover that they don’t have enough knowledge nor such people accept that they can be wrong. This is another hurdle in effective communication. 1.4 Implement a strategy to overcome communication barriers. In our care practice we have a significant number of service users who have communication difficulties due to dementia and post-stroke. The following strategies are identified in order to have an effective communication and be able to understand and meet their needs. 1. Residents with dementia. speaking clearly and slowly, using short sentences  making eye contact with the person when theyre talking, asking questions or having other conversations giving them time to respond, because they may feel pressured if you try to speed up their answers encouraging them to join in conversations with others where possible letting them speak for themselves during discussions about their welfare or health issues, as they may not speak up for themselves in other situations trying not patronise them, or ridiculing what they say acknowledging what they have said, even if they dont answer your question, or what they say seems out of context – show that youve heard them and encourage them to say more about their answer giving them simple choices – avoid creating complicated choices for them using other ways to communicate – such as rephrasing questions because they cant answer in the way they used to 2. Residents suffered from stroke with communication problems. Keep your own language clear and simple. Speak in a normal tone of voice. Don’t rush the conversation. Give the person time to take in what you say and  to respond. Assume the person can hear and understand well, in spite of any difficulties responding, unless you learn otherwise. Stick to one topic at a time using short sentences. For example, instead of saying, â€Å"Your wife called and she will be here at 4pm to pick you up and take you home†, say: â€Å"Your wife called.† (pause) â€Å"She will be here at 4pm.† (pause) â€Å"You can go home then.† Use all forms of communication to help reinforce what you are saying, such as clear gestures, drawing, communication aids. Use adult language and don’t â€Å"talk down† to the person with aphasia. Even if someone understands little or nothing, remember they are not a child. Don’t interrupt them. Watch out for when they are finished, or when they are looking for help. Ask if your help is needed before giving it. If it helps them to remember things, mak e use of a diary, calendar or photos. Lists of words or options to select from can help. If they can’t think of a word, ask how it is spelt. Write down the first letter or syllable as a prompt. Write down key words with a marker pen. Write clearly in lower case and don’t underline. Keep the lists of words to refer back to. If they prefer, guess the word they can’t find and ask if it’s correct. If they are keen to find the right word, give them more time to respond, or guess their meaning and check out if you’re correct. Otherwise, if they prefer and you’ve understood the message, just carry on the conversation. If easier for them, establish the general topic of their message by asking careful questions that only require a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ answer. Give them plenty of time to respond. Don’t ask too many questions too quickly, as they may feel overwhelmed and become frustrated. 1.5 Use different means of communication to meet different needs. Members of the health care staff use different ways of communication in order to meet the needs and preferences of the service users. Staff should be familiar with the difficulties of communication that a certain resident may have in consideration to their medical condition. They used verbal and non-verbal communication that varies depending on the individual’s needs and difficulties. Below are examples of different ways of communication to meet the different needs of clients. Verbal communication uses words to present ideas, thoughts and feelings. Good verbal communication is the ability to both explain and present your ideas clearly through the spoken word, and to  listen carefully to other people. This will involve using a variety of approaches and styles appropriate to the client you are addressing. Non-verbal communication This refers to the messages we send out to express ideas and opinions without talking. This might be through the use of body language, facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice, touch or contact, signs, symbols, pictures, objects and other visual aids. It is very important to be able to recognise what a person’s body language is saying, especially when as a health or social care worker you are dealing with someone who is in pain, worried or upset. You must also be able to understand the messages you send with your own body when working with other people. Written communication -This is central to the work of any person providing a service in a health and social care environment when keeping records and in writing reports. Different types of communication need different styles of writing but all require literacy skills. A more formal style of writing is needed when recording information about a patient. Technological aids- Technology is moving so quickly now that we have many electronic aids to help us communicate. For example, we have computers on which we can record, store and communicate information very quickly and efficiently over long distances. Learning outcome 2: Be able to improve communication systems and practices that support positive outcomes for individuals. 2.1 Monitor the effectiveness of communication systems and practices. To the staff – Two monthly supervisions are being practice in our workplace in order to address the needs and concerns of the members of the health care staff. Work schedules, preferences, relationship with other staff and continuing professional development (trainings, study days, etc) are some of the topics being discussed during supervisions. Meeting are also held on a regular basis. To the service users – Part of the care plan of each client is their communication needs. Changes or difficulties in communication are being monitored or evaluated monthly. This file is accessible to members of the health care staff to familiarize themselves to the mode of communication effective to a particular resident. To families of service users – regular meetings with families of residents is being practiced. Management of the health care staff are approachable to address their needs or concerns with  regards to the care being provided to their family member. 2.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of existing communication systems and practices 2.3 Propose improvements to communication systems and practices to address any shortcomings Evaluation of existing communication system is very important in order to meet the needs of the service users, maintain the high morale of the staff and satisfy the relatives of the residents. The following are the existing communication systems and practices in my workplace. Communication System Scores: 1-5 (1=very poor; 2=poor; 3=adequate; 4=good; 5=very good) Staff Handover (4) – Staff should be provided with adequate information to changes happened to a particular resident in a particular shift. Staff Supervision (4) – Management should not take it personally when providing constructive criticisms. Care plan recording (4) – staff should ensure that files are updated on a regular basis. All staff should be familiarise to the different needs of each resident. Complaints Procedure (4) – Ensure that all service users and family members are aware of the procedure in making a complaint. Call Bell System (4) – Service users to differentiate the normal call button from the emergency button. Telephone Log (4) – Staff should be trained in confidentiality regarding sharing of patient’s information. 2.4 Lead the implementation of revised communication systems and practices Learning outcome 3: Be able to improve communication systems to support partnership working. 3.1 Use communication systems to promote partnership working. 3.2 Compare the effectiveness of different communication systems for partnership working. 3.3 Propose improvements to communication systems for partnership working. In a Nursing Home you communicate with different agencies and departments of the health care in order to meet the optimum level of care that the services users deserved. Liaise with GP’s, dietician, Occupational Therapist, Pharmacist, Clinics and other members of the health care setting contributes in the effectiveness of communication for partnership working. These are the list of problems that are identified with the current system and proposed improvements in order for partnership working to be effective. GP Visits –  Doctors should trust the decision making of healthcare staff because they are more familiar with the behaviour and changes of service users. Medication Ordering – Pharmacists should delete the medications that were stopped from the repeat prescriptions in order to prevent medication errors. Electronic ordering should be considered to Nursing Homes in order to save time and effort. Referral to dieticians, podiatrist, SALT and OT – Preferably nurses should directly refer to these departments in order to save time and decrease the actual waiting time for visits of service users. Learning outcome 4: Be able to use systems for effective information management 4.1 Explain legal and ethical tensions between maintaining confidentiality and sharing information. Confidentiality is an important value within the healthcare setting for clients, their families and employees. Important confidentiality issues are trust and client safety. Personal and private information such as health diagnosis, feelings, emotions and financial status must be restricted to people who have an accepted need to know. NMC [online] 2002 confirms that confidentiality is the respect for the privacy of any information about a client/patient. The Value Base ( a system of values to guide the care profession) states that confidentiality of records and information should be discussed with clients if possible, however some information can be kept from a client if it were to cause them to self-harm (physically or mentally). If clients/patients know that personal details and conversations are private it will enable them to feel safe and that trust is present. Clients/patients should be told that other health professionals involved in the care of them have a need to know of some confidential issues to enable better recovery for themselves. It sets rules for and applies to personal information, paper records and computer held records. It covers data held in the respect of any individual including financial and credit information, membership of organisation, medical, health and social services records. Nolan Y, (2001). Good record keeping helps to protect patients and clients by promoting: High standards of clinical care and continuity of care Better communication between health care professionals regarding information of clients/patients. An accurate account of treatment, care planning and delivery. Confidentiality arises when service uses keep information about themselves off the record and determine h ow recorded information about themselves is shared and used. Users of services can control information about themselves by refusing to disclose it at all and this is the most obvious way to do so. Whatever service it is, there will be always a minimum amount of information which the client has to disclose as a condition for receiving the service, hence would- be users of services dont have a real choice about keeping information. However confidentiality policies are important in carework. Most records in health and care are made with a view to the information being shared. This is so that continuity of care is not vulnerable to individual practitioners becoming sick, going on holiday or changing their jobs. Records are an important facility for co-ordinating care. However sharing the information in records raises issues about whom the information should be shared with, what they may or may not do with, and what rights clients have to know how and with whom information about themselves is likely to be shared. The code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives’ (2008) states: You must respect peoples right to confidentiality. You must ensure people are informed about how and why information is shared by those who will be providing their care. You must disclose information if you believe someone may be at risk of harm, in line with the law of the country in which you are practising. Confidentiality is a duty of confidence arises when one person discloses information to another in circumstances where it is reasonable to expect that the information will be held in confidence. This duty of confidence is derived from: common law – the decisions of the Courts statute law which is passed by Parliament. Confidentiality is a fundamental part of professional practice that protects human rights. This is identified in Article 8 (Right to respect for private and family life) of the European Convention of Human Rights which states: Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence. There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the  prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. The common law of confidentiality reflects that people have a right to expect that information given to a nurse or midwife is only used for the purpose for which it was given and will not be disclosed without permission. This covers situations where information is disclosed directly to the nurse or midwife and also to information that the nurse or midwife obtains from others. One aspect of privacy is that individuals have the right to control access to their own personal health information. It is not acceptable for nurses and midwives to: discuss matters related to the people in their care outside the clinical setting discuss a case with colleagues in public where they may be overheard leave records unattended where they may be read by unauthorised persons. Legislation All nurses and midwives need to be aware of the following pieces of legislation relating to confidentiality: The Data Protection Act 1998 This Act governs the processing of information that identifies living individuals. Processing includes holding, obtaining, recording, using and disclosing of information and the Act applies to all forms of media, including paper and electronic. The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 Regulates the provision of new reproductive technology services and places a statutory ban upon the disclosure of information concerning gamete donors and people receiving treatment under the Act. Unauthorised disclosure of such information by healthcare professionals and others has been made a criminal offence. The National Health Service Venereal Disease Regulations (SI 1974 No.29) This states that health authorities should take all necessary steps to ensure that identifiable information relating to persons being treated for sexually transmitted diseases s hould not be disclosed. The Mental Capacity Act (2005) This provides a legal framework to empower and protect people who may lack capacity to make some decisions for themselves. The assessor of an â€Å"individual’s capacity to make a decision will usually be the person who is directly concerned with the individual at the time the decision needs to be made† this means that different health and social care workers will be involved in different capacity decisions at different times.  The Freedom of Information Act 2000 and Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002 These Acts grant people rights of access to information that is not covered by the Data Protection Act 1998, e.g. information which does not contain a person’s identifiable details. The Computer Misuse Act 1990 This Act secures computer programmes and data against unauthorised access or alteration. Authorised users have permission to use certain programmes and data. If the users go beyond what is permitted, this is a crimi nal offence. Disclosure Disclosure means the giving of information. Disclosure is only lawful and ethical if the individual has given consent to the information being passed on. Such consent must be freely and fully given. Consent to disclosure of confidential information may be: Explicit consent is obtained when the person in the care of a nurse or midwife agrees to disclosure having been informed of the reason for that disclosure and with whom the information may or will be shared. Explicit consent can be written or spoken. Implied consent is obtained when it is assumed that the person in the care of a nurse or midwife understands that their information may be shared within the healthcare team. Nurses and midwives should make the people in their care aware of this routine sharing of information, and clearly record any objections. Disclosure without consent The term ‘public interest’ describes the exceptional circumstances that justify overruling the right of an individual to confidentiality in order to serve a broader social concern. Under common law, staff are permitted to disclose personal information in order to prevent and support detection, investigation and punishment of serious crime and/or to prevent abuse or serious harm to others. Each case must be judged on its merits. Examples could include disclosing information in relation to crimes against the person e.g. rape, child abuse, murder, kidnapping, or as a result of injuries sustained from knife or gun shot wounds. These decisions are complex and must take account of both the public interest in ensuring confidentiality against the public interest in disclosure. Disclosures should be proportionate and limited to relevant details.Nurses and midwives should be aware that it may be necessary to justify disclosures to the courts or to the N ursing Midwifery Council and must keep a clear record of the decision making process and advice sought. Courts tend to require disclosure in the public interest where the information concerns misconduct, illegality and gross immorality. Disclosure to third parties This is where information is shared with other people and/or organisations not directly involved in a person’s care. Nurses and midwives must ensure that the people in their care are aware that information about them may be disclosed to third parties involved in their care. People in the care of a nurse or midwife generally have a right to object to the use and disclosure of confidential information. They need to be made aware of this right and understand its implications. Information that can identify individual people in the care of a nurse or midwife must not be used or disclosed for purposes other than healthcare without the individuals’ explicit consent, some other legal basis, or where there is a wider public interest. Information Sharing Protocols These are documented rules and procedures for the disclosure and use of patient information between two or more organisations or agencies, in relation to security, confidentiality and data destruction. All organisations should have these in place and nurses and midwives should follow any established information sharing protocols. Confidentiality after death The duty of confidentiality does continue after death of an individual to whom that duty is owed. Information disclosure to the police In English law there is no obligation placed upon any citizen to answer questions put to them by the police. However, there are some exceptional situations in which disclosure is required by statute. These include: the duty to report notifiable diseases in accordance with the Public Health Act 1984 duty to inform the Police, when asked, of the name and address of drivers who are allegedly guilty of an offence contrary to the Road Traffic Act 1998 the duty not to wit hhold information relating to the commission of acts of terrorism contrary to the Terrorism Act 2000 the duty to report relevant infectious diseases in accordance with the Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 1998. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) This Act allows nurses and midwives to pass on information to the police if they believe that someone may be seriously harmed or death may occur if the police are not informed. Before any disclosure is made nurses and midwives should always discuss the matter fully with other professional colleagues and, if appropriate consult the NMC or their professional body or trade union. It is important that  nurses and midwives are aware of their organisational policies and how to implement them. Wherever possible the issue of disclosure should be discussed with the individual concerned and consent sought. If disclosure takes place without the person’s consent they should be told of the decision to disclose and a clear record of the discussion and decision should be made as stated above. 4.2 Analyse the essential features of information-sharing agreements within the and between organisations. These are the usual subjects that are applicable in sharing information within and between organizations: Complaint Procedure – Service users and relatives are informed regarding the proper procedure in filing a complaint. This guideline is posted and accessible in the nursing home. Infectious Disease The care home should produce a written policy that details the roles and responsibilities of the staff during an outbreak of communicable disease or episode of infection. The plan should include details of the roles and responsibilities of senior personnel as follows. The owner of a home is responsible under health and safety legislation for maintaining an environment which is safe for residents, visitors and staff alike. Suitable arrangements and procedures for control of infection would form part of the health and safety requirements. The registered manager should have 24-hour access to advice on infection prevention and control from a suitably qualified and competent individual. It is good practice for the registered manager to produce an annual report on the systems in place for the prevention and control of infection and how these are monitored. The report should contain information on incidents and outbreaks of infection, risk assessment, training and education of staff, and infection control audit and the actions that have been taken to rectify any problems. The person in charge should ensure that appropriate infection control policies and procedures exist, are readily available, are understood by all members of staff and are used within the home. Health and Safety We complete all of the necessary risk assessments and procedures (Fire, COSHH, Premises, Administration of Medicines, Clinical Waste Disposal Handling, Food-Personal Hygiene, Infection Control, Use of Stairs, Use of Wheelchairs, Use of Bathrooms, Maintenance of Showers, Lone Working, Manual Handling, Expectant Mother, Office Safety, Passenger Lifts and many more). We write  Health and Safety policies, review and provide staff training (Specialist Training and Safety Training). Medical Records The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act produced the Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information rule which requires health care providers to make reasonable efforts to use, disclose, and request only the minimum amount of protected health information needed to accomplish the intended purpose for which the information is being used, disclosed, or requested. This means the authorized entity requesting the information may not use, disclose, or request the entire medical record for a particular reason unless it can justify the whole record as the amount of information reasonably needed for that purpose. 4.3 Demonstrate use of information management systems that meet legal and ethical requirements.

Use of Satire in Voltaires Candide Essay -- Candide essays Voltaire

Successful Use of Satire in Voltaire's Candide Voltaire's Candide is the story of how one man's adventures affect his philosophy on life. Candide begins his journey full of optimism that he lives in "the best of all possible worlds," but he learns that it is naà ¯ve to say that good will eventually come of any evil.   Voltaire successfully uses satire as a means of conveying his opinions about many aspects of European society in the eighteenth century.   He criticizes religion, the evils found in every level of society, and a philosophy of optimism when faced with an intolerable world.   Candide portrays religious persecution as one of the most worst aspects of society.   Voltaire rejects the superstitious beliefs that the church endorsed.   After the great earthquake in Lisbon, the church seems to think that persecuting a few innocent civilians in an auto-da-fà ¨ will prevent another disaster.   The church should be the most civilized aspect of a society, but Candide is flogged in time to a musical procession, Pangloss is hanged, and two others are burned.   Voltaire illustrates the irony of the church as a source of violence with the warring churchmen that Candide finds in the Jesuit state in the New World.   The Spanish priests in the New World operate a government where "the Fathers have everything, the people nothing;...they wage war against the King of Spain and the King of Portugal...they kill Spaniards" (Voltaire 53).   Ironically, the priests in Paraguay also hold offices in the army.   The Baron, for example, holds the title of Reverend Father Colonel.   Voltaire stresses the irony of a official of the church that preaches "Thou shalt not kill" to be an army officer who's job is to murder.   The cruelty of Christiani... ...ught good out of evil, but because he has made his own happiness.   "'Well said,' replied Candide, 'but we must cultivate our garden'"   (Voltaire 120).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited and Consulted: Bottiglia, William. "Candide's Garden." Voltaire: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Durant, Will, Ariel Durant. The Story of Civilization: Part IX: The Age of Voltaire. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965. Frautschi, R.L. Barron's Simplified Approach to Voltaire: Candide. New York: Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 1968. Lowers, James K, ed. "Cliff Notes on Voltaire's Candide". Lincoln: Cliff Notes, Inc. 1965. Richter, Peyton. Voltaire. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980. Voltaire's Candide and the Critics. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1966. Voltaire. Candide. New York: Viking Publishers, 1976.

Job: the Story and It’s Meaning

LIBERTY UNIVERSITY RESEARCH PAPER JOB: THE STORY, GOD’S RESPONSE, & ITS MESSAGE A PAPER SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR WAYNE POPLIN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE OBST 592 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY DAN S. LESLIE STUDENT ID: 3675885 LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA 14 AUG 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ III THE STORY OF JOB†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. III GOD’S RESPONSE IN JOB 38–42†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ VI THE MESSAGE TO BE LEARNED†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦VII A THOUGHT IN CLOSING †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. X BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. XII INTRODUCTION Man is born to sin; expect no release of it in this battle we call life. A clear example of one man’s struggle stands out among the rest. Setting aside the human condition of sin, Job stood as a supreme being still only being a man; who in spite of his troubles, questioning, and doubts, held fast in his devotion and love to God. In the end, Job is vindicated for his faith and devotion. Within this brief paper I will attempt to tell of Job’s story and its meaningful example to be followed by us all. As devote Christians our trails and sufferings should be viewed, as seen in Job's experience, as a witness not only to God's sovereignty but also as a witness to His goodness, justice, grace, and love to the secular world which awaits our fall. Let us now turn to the book of Job, always remembering that sometimes the lesson to be learned is much easier heard, than it is to actually bear. THE STORY OF JOB â€Å"Have you considered my servant Job? † was the questioned asked of Satan by God. (Job 1:8) This triggers a book of over forty chapters of a man’s suffering and his reactions at the hands of his God. The story of Job basically falls into three tests and then God’s answer to Job’s cries. The summation of the first two tests came at the hands of Satan and his challenge to God. Job had lost everything, his oxen, his asses, his sheep, his camels, and even his children, yet he did not do what Satan had predicted he would. Job stood fast in his belief and faith in God. He did not curse or renounce God, but bowed before the will of God, and said, what we all hope can be said in such circumstances of sorrow and loss, â€Å"Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked I will depart. The LORD gave and the LORD has taken away;   Ã‚  Ã‚  may the name of the LORD be praised. †(Job 1:21) By doing this, Job only angered Satan, which in turn made him want to disprove Job’s faith that much more. So he went to God once again and said, â€Å"â€Å"Skin for skin! † Satan replied. â€Å"A man will give all he has for his own life. 5 but now stretch out your hand and strike his flesh and bones, and he will surely curse you to your face. † (Job 2:4) It was Satan’s plea that losing all of his possessions was not enough, but to take Job’s health and leave him in pain would show that Job would no longer believe, which leads s to the second test. Job was covered from head to toe with painful boils and disease that included, inflamed ulcerous boils (2:7), itching (2:8), degenerative changes in facial skin (2:7, 12), loss of appetite (3:24), insomnia (7:4), hardened skin, running sores, worms in the boils (7:5), difficulty breathing (9:18 ), loss of weight (16:8), eye difficulties (16:16), emaciation (17:7; 19:20), bad breath (19:17), trembling of the limbs (21:6), continual pain in the bones (30:17), restlessness (30:27), blackened, peeling skin (30:28, 30), and fever (30:30). As Job sat atop a pile of dung outside the city his wife begged him to renounce his faith as he scrapped at the sores covering his body. Job’s answer was pure in heart, â€Å"You talk like a foolish woman. Should we accept only good things from the hand of God and never anything bad? † (Job 2:10) At this Satan fades out but instead is replaced by another challenge in the form of friendship. Jobs suffer rejection from those closest to him by the tongue and those who do not show when he is in most need. In Job’s three friends Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar we find that they come to mourn with him and comfort him. Though I truly believe that in the beginning they were true in heart with their intentions, they eventually turn to the condemnation of their friend. They come to this by having a basic fundamental belief that all suffering is a result of sin, and that Jobs’ suffering was so great due to his sinful nature and that he was hiding it. We can hear Eliphaz, the Temanite as he proclaims, â€Å"5Your sin prompts your mouth;  you adopt the tongue of the crafty. 6 Your own mouth condemns you, not mine;  your own lips testify against you. † (Job 15:5-6) Job shows that after all, he is still only a man when he comes to the point of him questioning God Himself. Job grows sarcastic, impatient, and afraid; he points to the injustice that God lets wicked people prosper while he and countless innocent people are left to suffer. In this, Job is confronting God in complaint, but he never curses God nor renounces him. Nor were his questions to shield himself from his moral responsibilities, but they were more genuinely from a perplexed confusion in the dealings at hand. If we choose to ignore Job's questions as to â€Å"why? † (Job 3:11, 12,20; 10:18; 13:24; 24:1) in his search for God's answer, it would be nothing less han to ignore many basic issues of life’s struggles that everyone of us must face. Job was a real person, just as we are, with struggles of emotions and feelings. With this another character is prompted to appear as God’s forerunner (Elihu). Elihu very quickly dismisses Job’s friends and points out that Job has spent too much time in defense to himself and in question to God. Elihu sees this as an act of open rebellion. Elihu further explains that God communicates through trials, so that in times of rewarding we see the realization of God’s love. 24 and he is gracious to that person and says to God, ‘Spare them from going down to the pit; I have found a ransom for them† (Job 33:24) Our next step in the story is within the discussion between Job and our Father, but that in itself leads us to the next portion of the paper. GOD’S & JOB’S RESPONSE 38–42 A pure voice comes out of the whirlwind setting aside Job’s condemners and answering Job with questions. They come in the form in the majesty of God as Creator and Ruler of the Universe; where was he when the foundations of the earth were laid, when the morning stars sang together, and when all the sons of God shouted for joy. Job 38:4-7) Through this Father God establishes his greatness in all creation itself, and exposes to Job the limitations of his earthly knowledge. What we need to tak e into account before this, is that the preceding verses in the Book of Job lead us in the exchange with his friends and all of their reams of rhetoric about God. His three friends believed that Job should not protest his innocence but rather confess for his sins. Their words truly did little too nothing to comfort Job. In the end, when Job and his so called wise friends finally finished in their critique of it all†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. God spoke. (Job 38:2-4) When this happened Job acknowledged that he had not truly known God in His omnipotence. It took God’s revelation of Himself to Job, in the eye of the storm for Job to recognize his Master personally. Job now knew God in a more intimate way; he was given a new awareness of God, with a deeper insight into His character and attributes. (Job 42:1-6) We see in Job 42:7-9 that he is interceding before God. Job’s three friends were doing as the Lord instructed; with no argument or reluctance they followed through on His divine orders. Instead of being as most would, with bitterness or revenge, Job amiably interceded for each one of his friends who had spoken falsely about both him and God. Job had forgiven those who had persecuted him when he most needed their love and support. â€Å"7 After the LORD had said these things to Job, he said to Eliphaz the Temanite, â€Å"I am angry with you and your two friends, because you have not spoken the truth about me, as my servant Job has. 8 So now take seven bulls and seven rams and go to my servant Job and sacrifice a burnt offering for yourselves. My servant Job will pray for you, and I will accept his prayer and not deal with you according to your folly. You have not spoken the truth about me, as my servant Job has. † 9 So Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite did what the LORD told them; and the LORD accepted Job’s prayer. † In this final plea in prayer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. for his friends, after enduring unthinkable losses, through endless pain, stretched to days and weeks of misperception and desolation, the condemnation of himself and his friends, came to an end. Our Lord restored Job’s wealth and friends. (Job 42:10-12) In a summation of the section an important function of the remarkable ending to this book is to show the reality that not all suffering is the direct result of the suffering individual’s sins. The book of Job contests retribution theology. It teaches us that we don't get punished on an individual basis for what we do but instead that all humanity gets punished for what all humanity does. That through it all Job came to see the point of this, and in this realization he humbled himself and repented for his lack of faith and submission, but even more so for the lack of humility in the acceptance for the actions of God. The lessons in suffering may be mysterious, but it need not give us challenge in our faith, nor should they rob us of our faith in our sovereign, loving God. THE MESSAGE TO BE LEARNED What lessons should we take from the book? Like in life, there are trails to stand before and face, that material goods are only that, material and can be taken away with something as little as the change of weather. As Christians we have an obligation to examine our motivation in life as well as in coming to and serving God, especially during times of trial and suffering. The book of Job teaches and gives exampled hope in that man has it in him to make his life an un-bought loyalty to the Father; in this we have purpose and meaning. It is of no doubt that our Father will find the nature of our hearts and in doing so to confess uncommitted sin in the face of adversity can be as much a foolish act as in not confessing of it when it is due. The message is that God is too abundant to be explained, debated about, or for our human minds to try to analyze. God can do all things. Nothing is too hard for him. All things are possible with Him. God is omnipotent, all-powerful. Our Father is to be followed and trusted, we are to have total faith in Him. We are to be even as Job. â€Å"15 Though he slay me, yet will I hope in him†¦.. † (13:15) God was not required nor did He address Job's suffering directly, even in Job’s challenge to the questioning of His justice, did he defend His actions? God taught Job the error in assuming that the universe operated according to the principles of human rationale. What the book of Job reveals to us is the sovereignty and freedom of God, whatever please God, He does, and not one thing can be said or done to make things different. As James reminded us, â€Å"11 As you know, we count as blessed those who have persevered. You have heard of Job’s perseverance and have seen what the Lord finally brought about. The Lord is full of compassion and mercy. †The needed underlying purpose of our Father in our lives should be seen as to produce and hold high the spiritual rewards and developed moral qualities. Our Christian faith teaches us that all who love God and stand the trails of both life and time will be rewarded in the end. God seeks a balance of our freedom in creation, not just straight application retribution. This grants us His tolerance and Grace; it is the promise in true Christian faith for those that earnestly seek him, will be held high and rewarded, though He chooses the time and place. A THOUGHT IN CLOSING Job shows us while God is just, it is wrong for us to adopt that our fallen world, under the influence and evil plans of Satan, is fair. The failure of customary wisdom to answer Job's complaints reveals that the world operates by the plan of our Father’s fallen son, and only by taking up a personal relationship with God can we as fallen humanity find meaning and purpose within the injustices of this world. We should accept the fact that our own understanding of it all is very imperfect. We are not required to justify God, as Job’s friends attempt to do. Any such attempt to defend our Savior in His actions would really imply us passing judgment on Him. This is not only an impossibility, but also would be impudence. As Job did, we also only need to acknowledge man's limitations in ourselves and have faith in Him. Job is a book that has left us a manifold of instruction; it is profitable for doctrine, a tool to be reproofed, not for correction, but for new understanding for instruction in righteousness. (2 Tim. :16) Bibliography: William Lasor, David Hubbard, Frederic Bush; Old Testament Survey (Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Mi. 1996) The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (provided by SearchGodsWord. org): http://www. searchgodsword. org/enc/isb/view. cgi? number=T5075 http://www. searchgodsword. org/enc/isb/view. cgi? number=T5076 http://www. searchgodsword. org/enc/i sb/view. cgi? number=T607 Charles Flowers, Stephen M. Miller, Thomas L. Robinson; Who’s Who in the Bible (Reader’s Digest, Pleasantville, NY. 1994) Bible Encyclopedia, Dictionary and Index (Easton's Bible Dictionary):http://www. iblicalproportions. com/modules/wfsection/article. php? articleid=2637 http://www. biblicalproportions. com/modules/wfsection/article. php? articleid=2639 Larry J. Walters; Reflections on Suffering from the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 154, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1997): 436-51 Greg W. Parsons; Guidelines for Understanding ; Proclaiming the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 151, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1994): 393-413 James E. Patrick; The Fourfold Structure of Job: Variations on a Theme (American Theological Library Association, Cambridge, UK): 185-206 Bernard Ehrlich; The Book of Job as a Book of Morality (Jewish Bible Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2006): 30-38 David Shepherd; Strike his bone and his flesh: Reading Job from the Beginning (Sage Publications, L. a. , Ca. 2008): 81-97 Alec Basson; Just Skin and Bones: The Longing for Wholeness of the Body in the Book of Job ( American Theological Library Association, Vetus Testamentum Vol. 58, 2008): 287-99 Larry J. Walters; Missio Dehn the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Bibliotheca Sara 166, Dallas Theological Seminary, Jan. -Mar. 2009): 19-35 Clarence E. Macartney; The Greatest Men of the Bible (Abingdon-Cokesbury Press, NY) ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Walters Larry J. ; Missio Dehn the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Bibliotheca Sara 166, Dallas Theological Seminary, Jan. -Mar. 2009) p. 19 [ 2 ]. Lasor, Hubbard, Bush; Old Testament Survey (Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Mi. 1996) p. 471 [ 3 ]. Flowers, Miller, Robinson; Who’s Who in the Bible (Reader’s Digest, Pleasantville, NY. 1994) p. 229 [ 4 ]. Walters Larry J. ; Missio Dehn the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Bibliotheca Sara 166, Dallas Theological Seminary, Jan. Mar. 2009) p. 23 [ 5 ]. Walters, Larry J. ; Missio Dehn the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Bibliotheca Sara 166, Dallas Theological Seminary, Jan. -Mar. 2009) p. 24 [ 6 ]. Basson, Alec; Just Skin and Bones: The Longing for Wholeness of the Body in the Book of Job (American Theological Library Association, Vetus Testamentum Vol. 58, 2008) p. 293 [ 7 ]. Lasor, Hubbard, Bush; Old Testament Survey (Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Mi. 1996) p. 327 [ 8 ]. Parsons, Greg W. ; Guidelines for Understanding & Proclaiming the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 151, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 994) p. 394 [ 9 ]. Ibid, p. 397 [ 10 ]. Lasor, Hubbard, Bush; Old Testament Survey (Eerdmans Publishing, Grand Rapids, Mi. 1996) p. 485 [ 11 ]. Ehrlich, Bernard; The Book of Job as a Book of Morality (Jewish Bible Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2006) p. 32-33 [ 12 ]. Flowers, Miller, Robinson; Who’s Who in the Bible (Reader’s Digest, Pleasantville, NY. 1994) p. 229 [ 13 ]. Parsons, Greg W. ; Guidelines for Understanding & Proclaiming the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 151, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1994) p. 397-98 [ 14 ]. Ehrlich, Bernard; The Book of Job as a Book of Morality (Jewish Bible Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2006) p. 34 [ 15 ]. Walters,Larry J. ; Reflections on Suffering from the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 154, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1997) p. 449 [ 16 ]. http://www. searchgodsword. org/enc/isb/view. cgi? number=T5076; The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (provided by SearchGodsWord. org); accessed 09AUG11 [ 17 ]. Flowers, Miller, Robinson; Who’s Who in the Bible (Reader’s Digest, Pleasantville, NY. 1994) p. 230 [ 18 ]. Walters,Larry J. ; Reflections on Suffering from the Book of Job (Bibliotheca Sara 154, Dallas Theological Seminary, Oct. -Dec. 1997) p. 446 [ 19 ]. Ibid, p. 447

Managing Staff

Management for any healthcare facility has many different roles that they must complete. A health care manager must be able to handle running the daily operations, complete any financial duties, and also manage the employees of the facility. When it comes to keeping the facility properly staffed management must be aware of what is needed. To be sure that the facility is properly staffed, a health care manager should utilize a staffing plan. A staffing plan can show where employees are needed to work any hours that the facility needs.Annualizing is also important because if a facility is to be run twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week will require many staff members because one employee would not be able to fill all of the positions. In understanding any staffing needs for a facility the manager must take into consideration productive and non-productive time. Productive time means the time spent that is actually worked by an employee. Non-productive time would mean any time the e mployee is not at work; whether it is the weekend, a holiday, sick time, vacation time, or a personal day.When it comes to using a staffing plan it is important for the manager to have this information in place because it will help to show what actual hours need to be covered and how many employees it will take to cover those hours. There are two ways to do a staffing plan; they are either done in the annualized method or by the scheduled-position method. In the annualized method the manager would take the non-productive and productive days of each staff person and account for them in the formula that is used to fill the hours.In the scheduled-position method the non-productive and productive days are accounted for when filling a scheduled shift. This is why recording non-productive and productive days in a staffing plan are necessary because all of the hours of each staff member are accounted for. When it comes to the cost for any healthcare facility they can be tied to the staffin g in a variety of ways. In a staffing plan the costs are attributed to the amount of staff that is needed to cover the hours that are needed to run the facility.It also can be attributed to the pay rates of each individual staff member and also the benefits that each staff member is entitled to. This information can be kept in the books which will help in preparing a budget or a staffing plan. If a health care manager did not have access to this information they would not have the correct information that is needed to properly staff and run the facility on a day-to-day basis. A healthcare facility is run by a staff that must provide care to its patients, provide daily care, and handle administrative duties.Without proper staffing a facility cannot be run properly and the quality of care that the patients receive will suffer which in turn can affect the overall reputation of the facility. To ensure that this does not happen, management must have quality staff members and also to make sure that all of the hours are properly covered. Reference Bureau of Labor Statistics. (January 2012). Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved from http://www. bls. gov/oco/ocos014. htm

Eve of Distruction essays

Eve of Distruction essays The song Eve of Distruction by Barry McGuire is from the time of the Vietnam War. There is a lot of controversy over this war. It discusses how people felt about the war integration, and the demonstrations of that time. Most of the younger people thought that America shouldnt get involved in the Vietnam War. This was cause for controversy. The song says, You're old enough to kill but not for votin' you don't believe in war but what's that gun you're totin'. The people over there fighting arent even old enough to vote. They might even be protesting the war but if they get drafted then they had to fight. The lyrics also mention the Selma, Alabama incident. Theres so much protest in the Civil Rights movement that it seems like the few people in the senate who are trying to get legislation passed wont be able too. Handful of senators don't pass legislation And marches alone can't bring integration, it seems hopeless. It also makes reference to the hate in China but some didnt see the hate that was occurring in the U.S. And think of all the hate there is in Red China Then take a look around to Selma, Alabama Ah you may leave here for four days in space But when you return it's the same old place This song represents the time period because it speaks of the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. The social aspect is that young people, for the most part, didnt want to fight in the war but if drafted still had to fight. It also reflects the music of that time because it tells how some people felt. A lot of music of the time did that. The Barry McGuire song Eve of Distruction represents the way some people felt about war and the Civil Rights Movement. It is a good example to show some things that were going on in 1965. ...

the dozens - definition and examples of playing the dozens

the dozens - definition and examples of playing the dozens Definition: A game of put-downs: the rapid, ritualistic exchange of insults, often targeting family members. The rhetorical contest of playing or shooting the dozens (also known as capping, ranking, and sounding) is most commonly practiced by young Africans and Observations, below. African-American Vernacular EnglishBdelygmiaCursingFlytingHyperboleInvectiveName-CallingSignifying Examples and Observations: Your mamas so FAT, after she got off the carousel, the horse limped for a week.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, she can hula-hoop through a Froot Loop.Your mamas so FAT, her blood type is Ragu.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, she looks like a mic stand.Your mamas so FAT, instead of 501 jeans she wears 1002s.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, she turned sideways and disappeared.Your mamas so FAT shes not on a diet shes on a triet. What yall eating? Ill try it.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, I gave her a piece of popcorn and she went into a coma.Your mamas so FAT, when she jumped in the air she got stuck.Mos rebuttal: Your mamas so skinny, you could blindfold her with dental floss.(Monique Imes and Sherry A. McGee, Skinny Women Are Evil: Notes of a Big Girl in a Small-Minded World. Atriz, 2004) A Game of InsultsThe dozens is usually played by two young black males, often surrounded by an interested and encouraging audience of peers in which the players insult and provoke eac h other with put-downs of each others mother or other female family members. This process teaches one to take insults in stride while encouraging verbal retorts. . . . The dozens is played more often and more intensely in urban ghettos where frustrations are greater and the strategies of the ghetto are appropriate in a zero-sum game; neither player really wins. The dozens works when the players share a common ethnicity, a degree of connectedness, and acceptance of the activity for what it isa game (Bruhn and Murray, 1985).(John G. Bruhn, The Sociology of Community Connections. Kluwer Acacademic/Plenum, 2005) A Rite of PassageAlan Dundes found that the social and artistic are infused in the Afrodiasporic practice of the dozens, which he notes functions both as an assertion of masculinity and as a rite of passage for the secular mastery of words. The dozens not only establishes a framework for verbal creativity; children also use them to determine a social hierarchy. A good dozens player not only cooly withstands merciless insults to his family; he also twists memorized insults quickly to suit the opponent at hand.(Ali Colleen Neff, Let the World Listen Right: The Mississippi Delta Hip-Hop Story. University Press of Mississippi, 2009) An InoculationWhile retaining the form and spirit of the West African original, African-American dozens has elaborated the witty one-liners into complex verbal war games involving huge armories and modes of attack and defense undreamt of in the homeland. It is a case of Darwinian adaptation for survival of the species in the killing jungles of slavery and ra cism. The mother remains the central figure. By learning to deal with verbal abuse of her, the modern black youngster learns to endure the historical, real-life abuse. It is as if the system is inoculated with virtual (verbally imagined) strains of the virus, thereby gaining immunity and new health in spite of the reality on the ground.(Onwuchekwa Jemie, Yo Mama! New Raps, Toasts, Dozens, Jokes, and Childrens Rhymes From Urban Black America. Temple University Press, 2003) Also Known As: sounding, signifying, ranking, capping, hiking, snapping, playing the dozens

GAAP versus IFRS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GAAP versus IFRS - Research Paper Example IFRS stands for International Financial Reporting Standards. It includes the accounting standards proposed by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and International Accounting Standards (IAS). IFRS is becoming the international standard for the preparation of financial statements especially of public corporations (Haris, 2013). Now the question is why corporations are conversion new standards of IFRS from GAAP? There are some benefits which IFRS is offering to corporations. Some of the benefits are as follow: According to Julie (2013), IFRS enable corporations to present its financial statements on the same basis as its international competitors are adopting, it makes the comparison easier. To facilitate more accurate comparisons to foreign competitors, some U.S. companies may view IFRS as an opportunity to supplement their current reporting with reporting or commentary based on IFRS. Most of the U.S. Corporation’s glance at new markets therefore they have to take on with IFRS in order to secure licenses, raise capital, or comply with requirements of local regulators. Overseas clients, merchants, or lessors might too involve IFRS financial statements. IFRS is beneficial for the firm who want to raise the capital abroad or it is most beneficial for the corporations who have international investors. Corporations having subsidiaries in countries require having IFRS in order to use one accounting language company-wide. Haris (2013) stated that the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is using in more than 110 countries. Majority of the countries among these 110 countries are developed. So IFRs must have some key distinction from the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) which are as follow: IFRS is more of a principle based accounting standards where as GAAP has more rule based accounting standards. Principle based accounting standard has the capability to effectively corresponds and detain the economic